What are the 5 phases in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?

SDLC methodologies are used to create complex applications of varying sizes and scales, such as Agile, Waterfall, and Spiral. Each model follows a particular life cycle in order to ensure success in the software development process.

1. Planning and analysis

This phase is the most fundamental in the SDLC process. Business requirements are compiled and analyzed by a business analyst, domain expert, and project manager. The business analyst interacts with stakeholders to develop the business requirements document. They also write use cases and share this information with the project team. The aim of the requirements analysis is for quality assurance, technical feasibility, and to identify potential risks to address in order for the software to succeed.

2. Designing the product architecture

During the design phase, lead developers and technical architects create the initial high-level design plan for the software and system. This includes the delivery of requirements used to create the Design Document Specification (DDS). This document details database tables to be added, new transactions to be defined, security processes, as well as hardware and system requirements.

3. Developing and coding

In this phase, the database admin creates and imports the necessary data into the database. Programming languages are defined by requirements. Developers create the interface as per the coding guidelines and conduct unit testing. This is an important phase for developers. They need to be open-minded and flexible if any changes are introduced by the business analyst.

4. Testing

Testers test the software against the requirements to make sure that the software is solving the needs addressed and outlined during the planning phase. All tests are conducted as functional testing, including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, and non-functional testing.

5. Maintenance

In a post-production, live software environment, the system is in maintenance mode. No matter the number of users, the sophistication of the software, and rigorous QA automation testing services, issues will occur. That’s the nature of software with managing data, integration, and security, and real-world usage. Access to knowledgeable, reliable support resources is essential, as is routine maintenance and staying up to date on upgrades.

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Requirements Gathering Best Practices for Software Development | Charter Global

The initial phase of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is called “Requirement Analysis,” also referred to as “Requirement Gathering.” This is perhaps the most vital phase within the SDLC, because it lays the foundation for how the rest of the software project will take place. Who will give these requirements and how, you ask? There are several approaches. It should be noted that this phase is also the most common for making mistakes within the project. By using the following techniques and methodologies, you can avoid getting de-railed by these mistakes.  

Here are the various requirement analyzing techniques that can be used as per the Software Development process:  

• Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) 
• UML Use Cases 
• Flow Chart 
• Data Flow Diagrams
• Role Activity Diagrams
• Work Flow Technique
• GAP Analysis 

Business Process Modeling Notation

This technique is similar to creating process flowcharts, although BPMN has it’s own symbols and elements. Business process modeling and notation is used to create graphs for the business process. These graphs simplify understanding the business process and end to end business flow. BPMN is widely popular as a process improvement methodology.

UML (Unified Model Language)

UML consists of an integrated set of diagrams that are created to specify, visualize, construct and document the artefacts of a software system. UML is a useful technique while creating object-oriented software and working with the software development process.  In UML, graphical notations are used to represent the design of a software project.  UML also help in validating the architectural design of the software.

Flow Chart

A flowchart depicts the sequential flow and control logic of a set of activities that are related. Flowcharts are in different formats such as linear, cross-functional, and top-down.  The flowchart can represent system interactions, data flows, etc. Flow charts are easy to understand and can be used by both the technical and non-technical team members. Flowchart technique helps in showcasing the critical attributes of a process.

Data Flow Diagrams

This technique is used to visually represent systems and processes that are complex and difficult to describe in text. Data flow diagrams represent the flow of information through a process or a system. It also includes the data inputs and outputs, data stores, and the various sub process through which the data moves. DFD describes various entities and their relationships with the help of standardized notations and symbols.  By visualizing all the elements of the system it is easier to identify any shortcomings. These shortcomings are then eliminated in a bid to create a robust solution.

Role Activity Diagrams

Role-activity diagram (RAD) is a role-oriented process model that represents role-activity diagrams.  Role activity diagrams are a high-level view that captures the dynamics and role structure of an organization. Roles are used to grouping together activities into units of responsibilities. Activities are the basic parts of a role. An activity may be either carried out in isolation or it may require coordination with other activities within the role.

GAP Analysis

Gap analysis is a technique which helps to analyses the gaps in performance of a software application to determine whether the business requirements are met or not. It also involves the steps that are to be taken to ensure that all the business requirements are met successfully. Gap denotes the difference between the present state and the target state. Gap analysis is also known as need analysis, need assessment or need-gap analysis.

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